BALANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan

ONE OF THE SOLUTIONS TO THE WASTE PROBLEM IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY WITH BRIQUETTES

Danar Ariangga Windra Gautama — 2024-06-30

Palangka Raya City faces serious challenges related to waste management, especially the abundant organic waste. This study explores the utilization of organic waste into briquettes as an innovative solution to reduce the volume of waste in landfills and create an alternative energy source. Through thermal conversion and compression methods, organic waste is converted into briquettes that have a high calorific value with low emissions. The research results show that each 1 kilogram of briquettes can be produced from 10 kilograms of dry organic waste, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for Palangka Raya City. This study also compares data related to waste in Palangka Raya with previous research and provides relevant literature as a reference

CALCULATION OF CO2 AND O2 NEEDS AS WELL AS CO2 ABSORPTION AND O2 PRODUCING IN ZONE 5 GREEN OPEN SPACES YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

Mega Kurniawati — 2024-06-30

Carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by smoke can produce humans if there are no trees or green open spaces that can absorb CO2 and emissions resulting from human activities. Therefore, efforts to reduce air pollution such as CO2 gas in the campus environment, especially Zone 5 of Yogyakarta State University are ways to build green open spaces. This study suggests to calculate the amount of CO2 emitted and the amount of O2 needed in Zone 5 of Yogyakarta State University that emits emissions from vehicles that are channeled and breathed by humans equipped with functions that absorb CO2 and produce O2. The estimation results show that total CO2 emissions in Zone 5 of Yogyakarta State University in 2019 were 7,479,066 tons / year while the demand for O2 in Zone 5 of Yogyakarta State University in 2019 was 6,763,027 tons / year. So the ability of green open space to absorb CO2 is 3.070,1308 tons/ year and the ability to produce O2 is 131,807 tons / year

IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING METHODS ON THE ABILITY TO USE THREE MAGIC WORDS IN EARLY AGE CHILDREN IN GROUP B2 PARENTAS KAHARAP PALANGKA RAYA ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

Sophia Oktavia Balimulia — 2024-06-30

Character education acts as a pillar and strength of a nation in its virtuous character. One way to build character in early childhood is to get children used to saying simple words such as sorry, please and thank you. Three Magic Word is a combination of three simple words but has very important meaning for children. Early childhood is very important to teach. Teaching the Three Magic Words (Sorry, Please and Thank You) can educate children to be better able to know themselves by realizing that every living creature has limitations in its abilities and therefore requires help from other people (the meaning of the words sorry and please). The emergence of awareness in appreciating and respecting other people, and being able to accept the good and bad things in life with grace and being able to understand that everything has great meaning and needs to be grateful for (the meaning of the word thank you). The classical conditioning method was developed by Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning refers to a number of training procedures in which one stimulus or stimuli appears to replace another stimulus in developing a response, that these procedures are called classical because of their historical priority. Pavlov stated that the stimulus needs to be repeated repeatedly so that it can be called habituation. This research is quantitative research using experimental methods. The data analysis technique in this research uses a difference test (t-test). The results of this research show that the implementation of the Classical Conditioning habituation method can develop the ability to use the Three Magic Words in early childhood in the B2 group of Kindergarten Parentas Kaharap Palangka Raya.

DESIGN OF BIOMASS FUEL AS ENERGY

Ray Kentkhute — 2024-06-30

Biomass waste from wood carpentry, which amounts to 15-20% of the woody biomass used, is still not fully utilized. Meanwhile, the biomass can be utilized as a renewable energy source derived from natural materials. The design of energy utilization from biomass waste as an alternative energy source for cooking is a simple utilization effort that can be done by the community. So on the stove design to utilize this waste wood chip biomass is done semi-closed combustion with a limited amount of air entry, so that the heat calorie fire stove that occurs will come out centrally on the hole above the stove. So the selected research topic is the way of utilization of wood chip waste biomass into alternative energy sources for cooking needs. The purpose of this research is to get the design of the utilization of biomass waste (wood chips) as an alternative energy source for cooking. The treatment in this study is the number of holes on the bottom plate of the stove, namely: A has 3 holes, B has 4 holes, C has 5 holes, and D has 6 holes. Based on the result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is seen that the value of F- count is much bigger than the F-Table value either 5% or 1%, so Ho will be rejected and receive H1. This means that the treatment of the number of holes on the plate under the design of the biomass waste stove (wood chips) as a fuel gives a very real effect of its ability in the heat achievement to boil test water as much as 1 liter in the test pan. The treatment which gives effect and different from all other treatments is the D treatment with 6 holes on the bottom plate of the stove, which has a larger LSD value for 1%, but for the C treatment with 5 holes on the bottom plate of the stove is only different at the 5% level. While for treatment C to treatment A and B only differ on level of 5% only. The conclusion of this study is that the best stove design is D treatment, with a faster flame stabilized with a more perfect combustion process and leaving only a small amount of charcoal.

VARIATION OF TANGKILING AGGREGATE SIZE AND ITS IMPACT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY MODULUS OF CONCRETE

whendy trissan — 2024-06-30

The use of coarse aggregate significantly influences the mechanical properties and overall quality of concrete. This study investigates the impact of different coarse aggregate sizes (10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm) on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete at 28 days. The research was conducted as part of a thesis in the Building Engineering Education Program, Department of Vocational Technology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Palangka Raya. The primary objective was to determine the compressive strength and elastic modulus values for concrete mixes using varying coarse aggregate sizes. The concrete mixtures incorporated different coarse aggregate sizes along with fine aggregate, water, and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) type I from Gresik. The mix design followed the guidelines outlined in SNI 03-2843-2000 for normal concrete mixtures. Testing was performed on cylindrical specimens measuring 15 cm x 30 cm. Each aggregate size variation (10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm) was tested using 10 samples, and the tests were conducted at 28 days in the Laboratory of Building Engineering Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Palangka Raya. The average compressive strength at 28 days for the coarse aggregate variations of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm were 29.15 MPa, 28.60 MPa, and 28.50 MPa, respectively. The average elastic modulus at 28 days for the same variations were 3033 MPa, 3856 MPa, and 3950 MPa.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CENTRAL JAVA

Nadia Naja — 2024-06-30

Climate variability is one of the important challenges in the agricultural sector. Often the occurrence of climate anomalies is a limiting factor for agricultural activities. Precise climate predictions are very useful in developing strategies for planning activities and businesses in agriculture. The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural and Food Sector from the danger of drought is 241,682 Ha of land and 16,835 Ha of rice fields affected by drought with Potential Losses due to climate change in 2020-2024 of 11.18 trillion rupiah—food Availability Aspect, food security index. The food availability aspect has decreased from 88.88 in 2022 & 2023 to 87.69. This writing aims to find problems in climate change mitigation and adaptation policies and compile policy recommendations for food security in Central Java. The method used is SOAR Analysis (Strengths, Opportunity, Aspiration, and Result). Based on the SOAR Analysis, the variable of increasing the capacity of human resources of farmers and agricultural extension officers who are skilled and knowledgeable about climate data and information in high-value climate-adaptive agricultural practices was obtained. Policy options that the Central Java provincial government can consider are: (1) Increasing the budget for programs such as Climate Field Schools (SLI), Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), and the Climate Village Program (PROKLIM), (2) Expanding the reach of farmer education and training programs to all districts/cities in Central Java, (3) Improving the quality of training materials with a focus on climate-adaptive agricultural practices, use of technology, and risk management (4) Developing assistance and mentoring programs for young farmers, (5) There needs to be regulations related to increasing the capacity of agricultural human resources at the provincial and district/city levels to collaboration on program funding to have budget efficiency and increase agricultural productivity.

VICTORIAN STUDY OF THE YOUNG VICTORIA MOVIE: A BARTHESIAN SEMIOTIC APPROACH

Ruth Nova Mandaria — 2024-06-30

Literary studies undeniably comprise a variety of meanings that implicitly need to be analyzed to know the unknown. For instance, in the film The Young Victoria, beyond the storyline and the cinematography, some signs and attitudes reflect a philosophical fact to reveal the history of the Victorian era. In conducting this study, the data was taken from a movie titled “The Young Victoria” with a duration of one hour, eighty minutes, and 13 seconds. It was aired in 2009. The data in this study was obtained by using an observation method and note-taking technique. The data was classified into verbal and non-verbal signs. Thus, by using the Barthesian semantic approach, the signifiers that appeared in the film were taken to present a signified narrative style of descriptive qualitative research. References related to the Victorian age and discourse analysis of semiotics were applied in this research to complete the elaboration of the flow of discussion in this study. Three results were eventually revealed in this research. First, the signifier wigs embody a noble class and formal outfits in a British court in the 18th century. Second, the classes in the movie can be determined by the means of transportation used in the town. Last, women in the Victorian period had limited opportunities to express their voices or speak up regarding pursuing an outdoor activity

STUDY OF BRIDGE PILLAR SHAPES ON THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL SCOUR IN EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING FOR BUILDING ENGINEERING EDUCATION STUDENTS

Topan Eka Putra — 2024-06-30

One of the elective courses in the Building Engineering Education Study Program, FKIP, Palangka Raya University is Bridge Structure. Experimental study is a way of teaching and learning that involves student activity by experiencing and proving for themselves the process and results of experiments which are closely related to everyday life. On the subject of bridge structures, it is necessary to carry out experimental studies on bridge pillars. Pillars are part of the bridge's lower structure. The existence of pillars in river flows causes changes in river flow patterns. Changes in flow patterns will result in local scouring around the pillars. This research aims to determine the effect of pillar shape on the potential for local scour that occurs around the pillar. This research was carried out under steady uniform flow conditions with three discharge variations. The physical models of pillars used are rectangular pillars, cylindrical pillars and triangular pillars. The type of research used is experimental research. The research location was carried out at the Building Engineering Education Laboratory, FKIP UPR with glass channel media with dimensions of 200 cm long, 15 cm wide and 20 cm high. In the test with flow discharge Q1= 40.08 cm3/sec, the maximum scour in the middle of the pillar that occurred was (ds)= 0.2 cm and the average at the edge was (ds)= 0.3 cm for pillars with the shape rectangular, while for triangular and cylindrical pillars experiencing sedimentation, Q2= 100.20 cm3/sec. The maximum scour at the center of the pillar that occurs is (ds)= 1.3 cm and the average at the edges is (ds) = 1.4 cm for rectangular pillars, while for triangular and cylindrical pillars experiencing sedimentation, Q3= 107.04 cm3/sec. The maximum scour in the center of the pillar that occurs is (ds)= 1.5 cm and is flat -average at the edge is (ds)= 1.5 cm for pillars with a rectangular shape, while for pillars with a rectangular shape and cylinders experience sedimentation. The results obtained from this series of research are that the greater the discharge flowing in a channel cross-section, the deeper the local scour around the pillars will be and the best shape in this study is a cylindrical shape because it has the potential for the smallest scour depth.