Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya

Ketidakseimbangan Th17 dan Treg Pada Pasien PCOS Dengan Resistensi Insulin: Tinjauan Literatur Terhadap Potensi Suntikan Terapi

Shelly Franciska, Andon Hestiantro , Tasya Kartika — Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Polycystic ovary syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-endocrine disorder characterized by oligoovulation/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Globally, PCOS affects 6-21% of women of reproductive age and about 95% of them experience insulin resistance. In Indonesia, the prevalence of PCOS reaches 5-10% where 72.04% are associated with infertility and insulin resistance. Immunoendocrinology notes that the immune response plays a role in the development of PCOS. Several mechanisms cause chronic inflammation caused by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and dyslipidemia. Research shows a correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and T-regulatory cells (Treg), in PCOS and insulin resistance. Th17 cells increase inflammation, while Tregs play the opposite role, with their differentiation modulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β). Th17/Treg balance can be regulated by targeting IL-6. This study compared Th17 and Treg levels in PCOS patients with and without insulin resistance using IL-17 and IL-10 markers. Th17 was higher and Treg was lower in PCOS with insulin resistance, resulting in a higher Th17/Treg ratio compared to patients without insulin resistance. The results of this study provide an opportunity to target the Th17/Treg axis in new therapies to break the cycle of PCOS and insulin resistance and reduce complications

Studi Literatur: Efektivitas Deteksi Malaria Menggunakan Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis Apusan Darah

Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasites Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium, falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi. The purpose of the literature review is to determine the effectiveness of malaria detection microscopically using blood smears. This research method uses data from scientific publications sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Malaria cases in 2019-2021 have increased worldwide. Deaths from malaria that occurred worldwide in 2019-2020 increased by 12%. Indonesia contributes the second largest number of malaria cases in the Asian region after India, especially in the eastern region including Papua Province, West Papua Province, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and Maluku Province. Mortality rates from malaria still occur in several provinces in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of malaria detection using microscopic examination of blood smears. This research method is a literature review of the description of research results that have been conducted by others. Searches on the Google Scholar and Science Direct search engines use boolean techniques. This journal review was taken because the detection of malaria using blood smear microscopic tests is one of the most commonly used common methods, and can help improve professional competence in diagnosing and planning appropriate treatment for malaria sufferers, so it is relevant for doctors, analysts, and health researchers. Blood smear microscopy is the main way to detect malaria using thick blood preparations, this test can find Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium, falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium knowlesi even in small amounts. Thin blood preparations help identify parasite species accurately.

Literature Review: Comparative Analysis of Sputum Cytology Examination Methods & Fine Needle Aspiration (Fnab) For Lung Cancer

Khairunnisa, Musjaya M. Guli — Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer remains one of the biggest medical challenges, with high mortality rates due to late detection and limited treatment. In 2020, Indonesia saw 396,914 new cancer cases and 234,511 cancer deaths. The purpose of this paper is to provide a strong foundation for the research being conducted, by utilizing knowledge and findings from previous studies related to the FNAB method and sputum cytology in patients with lung cancer. The sources used in this writing are Google, NIH, NCBI, and other national journals. The selection of methods must be adjusted to the patient's condition, risk factors, and the availability of medical facilities, with the main objective of achieving a rapid, accurate, and precise diagnosis, so as to determine the most appropriate therapy for lung cancer patients. This study shows that FNAB and sputum cytology have their respective advantages in the diagnosis of lung cancer. FNAB is highly effective for diagnosing small lung nodules, especially in high-risk patients, due to its high accuracy and ability to provide more detailed diagnostic information. In contrast, sputum cytology is more suitable for early detection and screening in high-risk populations, although its accuracy is lower and limited to certain types of cancer

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Peyakit Diabetes Melitus di Kota Palu

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient production of the hormone insulin by the pancreas. This disease can be said to be a chronic disease because it can occur over a long period . This research is about the factors that influence Diabetes Melitus disease in Palu City. This study aims to determine the description of patient visits suffering from Diabetes Melitus at the Central Sulawesi Provincial Laboratory. The sampling technique uses the purpose sampling method, namely purposeful sampling or sampling carried out with subjects based on criteria set by the researcher. The results of this study analyze the factors that influence Diabetes Melitus disease in Palu City. The research result obtained were that there were more women with 288 people and 132 men. Meanwhile, in 2024 from January to march, there will be 90 women and 44 men, the number of patients suffering from diabetes melitus. Namely those aged 46-55 ini 2023 there will be 240 people and ini 2024 there will be 143 people with diabetes melitus agen 40-59 person. The gender factor is that there are more female sufferers of diabetes mellitus compared to male sufferers

Perbandingan Kadar Profil Lipid Pasien Stroke Iskemik dan Hemoragik di RSUD Sultan Imanuddin Kotawaringin Barat

Nurul Aisyah, Wiwin Aprianie, Laratika Hidayati; Ni Putu Sinta Puspa Dewi — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Stroke penyakit ketiga tak menular penyebab kematian di dunia, dengan prevalensi di Indonesia mencapai 10,9% kasus per tahun. Salah satu penyebab stroke yaitu dislipidemia mengenai kondisi kadar lipid abnormal dalam aliran darah yang menimbulkan faktor risiko signifikan terhadap penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membandingkan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, dan HDL pasien stroke hemoragik dan stroke iskemik di RSUD Sultan Imanuddin, Pangkalan Bun dengan desain penelitian analitik kuantitatif serta pendekatan cross-sectional. Data diambil dengan metode purposive sampling dari data sekunder berupa catatan rekam medis pasien stroke hemoragik dan iskemik di RSUD Sultan Imanuddin, Kotawaringin Barat, Pangkalan Bun periode Januari - Desember 2023. Pengujian homogenitas dilakukan dengan uji Lavene, dan pengujian normalitas data dilakukan dengan metode Kolmogrov Smirnov. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan non-parametrik yaitu uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, dan HDL yaitu 198±48; 130±69; 129±45; dan 41±15 mg/dl pada stroke iskemik, dan 189±60; 105±55; 119±54; dan 47±13 mg/dl pada stroke hemoragik. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar profil lipid antara pasien stroke iskemik dengan stroke hemoragik. Hasil uji regresi logistik biner menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar LDL dan HDL terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pasien stroke iskemik dan hemoragik, sedangkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada pasien stroke iskemik dan hemoragik. Kesimpulan kadar profil lipid memiliki peran penting dalam membedakan jenis stroke hemoragik dan iskemik, serta dapat menjadi indikator dalam evaluasi risiko penyakit stroke

Pola Perlukaan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Lansia Berdasarkan Data HDSS Sleman Pada Tahun 2020-2022

Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

. Traffic accidents are incidents that have a high incidence and can cause great losses to society. In cases of traffic accidents, it is recorded that many non-productive ages experience serious injuries. This study aims to analyze the pattern of traffic accident injuries in the elderly in Sleman based on Sleman HDSS data for 2020-2022. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was the people of Sleman Regency aged 60 years and over. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Based on the analysis of 272 respondents with 401 cases of injury, it was found that the most injuries occurred in the lower limbs and the degree of injury was mild with the most types of combined injuries. For moderate and severe degrees of injury, they have the same prevalence. Burns are the type of injury with the least, namely only 1 case. The largest number of respondents were elderly people aged 60-70 years, namely 72% of the total respondents. The conclusion of this study is that minor injuries are the most common type of injury, with lower limbs being the most common location of injury and combination injuries being the most common type of injury. In the bivariate results, there was no relationship between age and type, location, and severity. This shows that type, location, and severity can occur at any age and do not differ in each age group.