Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya

Ketidakseimbangan Th17 dan Treg Pada Pasien PCOS Dengan Resistensi Insulin: Tinjauan Literatur Terhadap Potensi Suntikan Terapi

Shelly Franciska, Andon Hestiantro , Tasya Kartika — Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Polycystic ovary syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-endocrine disorder characterized by oligoovulation/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Globally, PCOS affects 6-21% of women of reproductive age and about 95% of them experience insulin resistance. In Indonesia, the prevalence of PCOS reaches 5-10% where 72.04% are associated with infertility and insulin resistance. Immunoendocrinology notes that the immune response plays a role in the development of PCOS. Several mechanisms cause chronic inflammation caused by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and dyslipidemia. Research shows a correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and T-regulatory cells (Treg), in PCOS and insulin resistance. Th17 cells increase inflammation, while Tregs play the opposite role, with their differentiation modulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β). Th17/Treg balance can be regulated by targeting IL-6. This study compared Th17 and Treg levels in PCOS patients with and without insulin resistance using IL-17 and IL-10 markers. Th17 was higher and Treg was lower in PCOS with insulin resistance, resulting in a higher Th17/Treg ratio compared to patients without insulin resistance. The results of this study provide an opportunity to target the Th17/Treg axis in new therapies to break the cycle of PCOS and insulin resistance and reduce complications

Studi Literatur: Efektivitas Deteksi Malaria Menggunakan Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis Apusan Darah

Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasites Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium, falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi. The purpose of the literature review is to determine the effectiveness of malaria detection microscopically using blood smears. This research method uses data from scientific publications sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Malaria cases in 2019-2021 have increased worldwide. Deaths from malaria that occurred worldwide in 2019-2020 increased by 12%. Indonesia contributes the second largest number of malaria cases in the Asian region after India, especially in the eastern region including Papua Province, West Papua Province, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and Maluku Province. Mortality rates from malaria still occur in several provinces in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of malaria detection using microscopic examination of blood smears. This research method is a literature review of the description of research results that have been conducted by others. Searches on the Google Scholar and Science Direct search engines use boolean techniques. This journal review was taken because the detection of malaria using blood smear microscopic tests is one of the most commonly used common methods, and can help improve professional competence in diagnosing and planning appropriate treatment for malaria sufferers, so it is relevant for doctors, analysts, and health researchers. Blood smear microscopy is the main way to detect malaria using thick blood preparations, this test can find Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium, falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium knowlesi even in small amounts. Thin blood preparations help identify parasite species accurately.

Literature Review: Comparative Analysis of Sputum Cytology Examination Methods & Fine Needle Aspiration (Fnab) For Lung Cancer

Khairunnisa, Musjaya M Guli — Sat, 26 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer remains one of the biggest medical challenges, with high mortality rates due to late detection and limited treatment. In 2020, Indonesia saw 396,914 new cancer cases and 234,511 cancer deaths. The purpose of this paper is to provide a strong foundation for the research being conducted, by utilizing knowledge and findings from previous studies related to the FNAB method and sputum cytology in patients with lung cancer. The sources used in this writing are Google, NIH, NCBI, and other national journals. The selection of methods must be adjusted to the patient's condition, risk factors, and the availability of medical facilities, with the main objective of achieving a rapid, accurate, and precise diagnosis, so as to determine the most appropriate therapy for lung cancer patients. This study shows that FNAB and sputum cytology have their respective advantages in the diagnosis of lung cancer. FNAB is highly effective for diagnosing small lung nodules, especially in high-risk patients, due to its high accuracy and ability to provide more detailed diagnostic information. In contrast, sputum cytology is more suitable for early detection and screening in high-risk populations, although its accuracy is lower and limited to certain types of cancer