Inventarisasi Jamur Makroskopis Pada Lima Tipe Habitat Berbeda di Kelurahan Tewah Kabupaten Gunung Mas

Abstract

Indonesia adalah negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi salah satunya jamur. Jamur adalah organisme eukariotik bersifat heterotrof dengan dinding sel umumnya terbuat dari kitin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jamur dan karakteristik tipe habitat jamur di Kelurahan Tewah, Kabupaten Gunung Mas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode jelajah (cruise method) dan pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel jamur yang ditemukan didokumentasi, dikoleksi, dan diidentifikasi secara morfologi berdasarkan karakter makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Pengukuran faktor abiotik dilakukan pada lokasi pengambilan sampel jamur yang meliputi pengukuran suhu, intensitas cahaya, pH tanah, dan kelembapan udara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 43 spesies jamur makroskopis yang didominasi oleh filum Basidiomycota dan kelas Agaricomycetes. Polyporales adalah ordo yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu 17 spesies. Jamur makroskopis ditemukan tumbuh pada 5 tipe habitat yaitu perkarangan rumah, sawah, kebun karet, pinggiran sungai, dan hutan bambu. Substrat hidup jamur ada 7 tipe yaitu batang kayu lapuk, dahan kayu lapuk, batang kayu hidup, ranting kayu, bambu, tanah dan, feses hewan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan menjadi rujukan bagi upaya pengembangan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait jenis-jenis jamur makroskopis yang ditemukan di kawasan ini.

Kata kunci: Diversitas; Inventarisasi; Jamur Makroskopis; Kalimantan.

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity including mushrooms. Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms with cell walls generally made of chitin. This research aims to determine the types of fungi and characteristics of fungal habitat types in Tewah Village, Gunung Mas Regency. The research was carried out using the cruise method and sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The fungal samples found were documented, collected and identified morphologically based on macroscopic and microscopic characters. Measurements of abiotic factors were carried out at the mushroom sampling location which included measurements of temperature, light intensity, soil pH and air humidity. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively. Total of 43 species of macroscopic fungi were found and dominated by the Basidiomycota and Agaricomycetes. Polyporales was the most dominant order found in this area namely 17 species. Macroscopic fungi were found in 5 types of habitats namely house yards, rice fields, rubber plantations, river banks and bamboo forests. There were 7 types of living fungal substrates, namely rotten wood sticks, rotted wood branches, live wood sticks, wood twigs, bamboo, soil and animal feces. The result of this research contributes as inital information for the further research development related to the mushroom diversity in this area.

Keywords: Diversity; Inventory; Macroscopic Fungi; Kalimantan.