The Effectiveness of Leadership in Enhancing Employee Creativity in Higher Education Institutions is Examined, with Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Identified as Mediators
Keywords:
Transformational Leadership,, Visioner Leadership,, Intrinsic Motivation,, Extrinsic Motivation,, Creative EmployeeAbstract
Objective- In the education service sector such as universities, employee service and performance are highly expected to improve organizational performance. However, working in the traditional way as usual has become a challenge. therefore, employees are required to be more creative in carrying out and completing their work. This research aims to examine the role of transformational leadership style and visionary leadership style in enhancing employee creativity at work, with intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation as mediators.
Design/Methodology/Approach—The research uses a quantitative method with Smart PLS to test the research hypothesis. With 157 respondents willing to fill out the questionnaire online. To measure the mediation effect, the Upsilon (v) method was used.
Findings— The findings indicate that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation can mediate the influence of visionary leadership on employee creativity. Meanwhile, transformational leadership has not yet been able to directly increase motivation. For a more detailed explanation, please refer to the findings and discussion.
Conclusion and Implications—Visionary leadership should be used by college management to enhance employee motivation as well as creativity, focusing on organizational vision during training. The organizational environment should encourage intrinsic motivation through visionary leadership and practices such as more autonomy and appreciation of employees to improve creativity.Tis research provides evidence showing visionary leadership to be necessary in creating intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation among university staff, which in turn results in increased creativity. Intrinsic motivation is found to be the strongest mediator in the relationship between visionary leadership and staff creativity, with a moderate mediating effect
References
Adiebah, N., & Pradana, H. A. (2022). Transformational Leadership and Creative Self-Efficacy on Educators’ Creativity: Can Innovation Climate be the Mediating? JBTI : Jurnal Bisnis : Teori Dan Implementasi, 13(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.18196/jbti.v13i2.14391
Alhassan, Y. M., Akparep, J. Y., & Ngmenkpieo, F. (2022). Employee Autonomy and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Open Journal of Leadership, 11(04), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2022.114019
Aristana, I. N., Puspitawati, N. M. D., & Ismayanthi, T. I. T. (2023). Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediation Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 38(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.56444/mem.v38i1.3270
Çekmecelioğlu, H. G., Özcan, M., & Özbağ, G. K. (2023). Transformational Leadership Behaviors and the Intrinsic Motivation of Employees in Turkey: The Role of Psychological Empowerment and Demographics. Asr Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujasr.2023.018
Chaubey, A., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). The drivers of employee creativity and organizational innovation: a dynamic capability view. Benchmarking: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2021-0316
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling (pp. 1–44). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/232569511
Fischer, C., Malycha, C. P., & Schafmann, E. (2019). The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Synergistic Extrinsic Motivators on Creativity and Innovation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, Marko. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (second edtion). Sage.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Third Edition (Third Edition). SAGE Publications.
Hartati, I., Sambung, R., & Siolemba Patiro, S. P. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja yang Dimediasi oleh Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil Kabupaten Lamandau. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 8(3), 2037–2054. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i3.11538
He, V. F., & Bonifacio, G. D. (2024). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity and Organizational Innovation: The Moderating Effect to Intrinsic Motivation. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(3), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.54097/ggnw7488
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann (2013). Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Hu, X., Li, R. Y. M., Kumari, K., Belgacem, S. B., Fu, Q., Khan, M. A., & Alkhuraydili, A. (2022). Relationship Between Green Leaders’ Emotional Intelligence and Employees’ Green Behavior: A PLS-SEM Approach. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010025
Jin, S., & Yun, C. (2022). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Employee Creativity: An Empirical Test. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.17853abstract
Kawana, D. (2024). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Motivation in Namibia. American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 9(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajlg.2148
Latan, H., & Noonan, R. (2017). Partial least squares path modeling: Basic concepts, methodological issues and applications. In Partial Least Squares Path Modeling: Basic Concepts, Methodological Issues and Applications. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64069-3
Lin, M., Xie, M., & Li, Z. (2023). Organizational Error Tolerance and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Public Service Motivation. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 16, 4133–4153. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s431373
Mansur, S. M. A., & Jia, G. (2018). Transformational Leadership and Individual Creativity: The Mediating Role of Structural Empowerment. https://doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-18.2018.169
Nordin, W. N. A. W. M., Kamil, N. L. M., & Govindaraju, V. (2024). Multilevel Study of Transformational Leadership and Work Behavior: Job Autonomy Matters in Public Service. Management Research Review, 47(10), 1684–1701. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2023-0596
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership; Theory and Practice (Ninth Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ogbeibu, S., & Gaskin, J. (2023). Back from the Future: Mediation and Prediction of Events Uncertainty through Event-Driven Models (EDMs). FIIB Business Review, 12(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221121084
Pandya, J. D. (2024). Intrinsic &Amp; Extrinsic Motivation &Amp; Its Impact on Organizational Performance at Rajkot City: A Review. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 11(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jmra.2024.009
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Sambung, R. (2020a). Pelatihan dan Kepemimpinan Visioner dalam meningkatkan Kreativitas Pegawai di Kalimantan Tengah. Matrik : Jurnal Manajemen, Strategi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 169. https://doi.org/10.24843/matrik:jmbk.2020.v14.i02.p04
Sambung, R. (2020b). Pelatihan dan Kepemimpinan Visioner dalam meningkatkan Kreativitas Pegawai di Kalimantan Tengah. Matrik : Jurnal Manajemen, Strategi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 169–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/MATRIK:JMBK.2020.v14.i02.p04
Sambung, R. (2022). The role of leadership style in improving organizational performance. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 07, 127–140. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiko.v7i02.22050
Sayuti, A. M., & Safitri, D. A. (2024). The Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Psychological Empowerment in the Relationship of Transformational Leadership and Employees Innovative Behavior Post COVID-19 Pandemic. Gema Wiralodra, 15(2), 707–718. https://doi.org/10.31943/gw.v15i2.710
Schroeder, J. W. (2021). Validation of a survey instrument: team creativity and innovation (C/I) processes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). https://doi.org/10.12794/metadc1808429
sekaran, U., & Baougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business; A skill-building approach: Vol. Seventh Edition (S. Uma, Ed.; Sevent). John Wiley & Son Ltd. www.wileypluslearningspace.com
Setiawan, R., & Triyono, D. (2022). Penerapan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Dosen. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bakti Kita, 3(2), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.52166/baktikita.v3i2.3636
Shafi, M., Zoya, Z., Lei, Z., Song, X., & Sarker, M. N. I. (2020). The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Asia Pacific Management Review, 25(3), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.12.002
Soelistya, D., Naim, S., Muliyati, M., Anshoriyah, S., & Syafri, M. (2024). Exploring the Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation in the Context of Contemporary Management. International Journal of Economics (Ijec), 3(2), 1111–1123. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v3i2.1098
Suryadi, Y., Dewi, N. L. Y., Trisnawati, T., & Al-Amin, A.-A. (2024). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance and Employee Motivation. Transforma Jurnal Manajemen, 2(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.56457/tjm.v2i2.129
Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V, Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
Thuan, L. C., & Thanh, B. T. (2019). Mediating Mechanisms Linking Developmental Feedback With Employee Creativity. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(2), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwl-06-2019-0070
Tomaylla-Quispe, Y., Gutiérrez-Aguilar, O., Huanca, S. M. C., Castillo, W. E. P. del, & Quilcca, G. G. M. (2024). Motivational, Cognitive and Emotional Factors as Predictors of Creative Expression in University Students. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(12), e010563. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n12-204
Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C. M., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. G., & Villeneuve, M. (2009). Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its Value for Organizational Psychology Research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(4), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0015167
Udahemuka, F. F., Walumbwa, F. O., & Ngoye, B. (2024). Enhancing Meaningful Work the Roles of Spiritual Leadership Intrinsic Motivation and Employees’ Gender. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(2), 713–735. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.7624.2024
Udin, U. (2023). A Mediation-Moderation Model of Transformational Leadership and Intrinsic Work Motivation for Nurturing Employee Performance. Journal of Social Economics Research, 10(2), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.18488/35.v10i2.3321
YILMAZ, R. (2023). Examining the Effects of Employees’ Visionary Leadership Perceptions on Organizational Agility With Structural Equation Model: A Research in Aviation Sector. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(50), 1077–1098. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1303186
Zhang, Q., Zhou, K., Zhang, Y., Zhou, P., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Reexamining the Relationship Between Extrinsic Rewards and Creativity: A Study From the Creative Process Engagement Perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(15), 2514–2541. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2347645
Zhu, X., & TABAJEN, R. C. (2024). Exploring the Link Between Transformational Leadership and Teacher Innovation. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 16(3), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.54097/a6660y88
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Manajemen Sains dan Organisasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
