Bridging Menjembatani Kesenjangan Teori-Praktik: Implementasi Problem-Based Learning Berbasis Genomik Kanker Payudara untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Klinis Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Pendidikan Biologi
Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap: Implementation of Breast Cancer Genomics-Based Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Clinical Reasoning of Graduate Biology Education Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37304/bed.v7i1.25958Abstract
Pendidikan biologi pascasarjana menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam mengintegrasikan konsep molekuler-genetika yang kompleks dengan aplikasi klinis nyata. Mahasiswa sering kali menguasai mekanisme molekuler secara teoritis, namun kesulitan menghubungkannya dengan skenario diagnostik dan terapeutik berbasis bukti, termasuk interpretasi profil genomik kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi Problem-Based Learning (PBL) berbasis genomik kanker payudara dalam meningkatkan penalaran klinis mahasiswa pascasarjana pendidikan biologi. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan rancangan kuasi-eksperimental dengan desain pretest posttest pada 32 mahasiswa. Intervensi dirancang dalam lima fase: (1) presentasi kasus pasien kanker payudara dengan riwayat keluarga signifikan dan hasil Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS); (2) identifikasi masalah terkait diferensiasi mutasi germline vs somatik; (3) riset mandiri berbasis basis data genomik digital (OMIM, GeneReviews, ClinVar); (4) integrasi diagnostik dan implikasi terapi, termasuk sensitivitas terhadap PARP inhibitor; dan (5) sintesis serta refleksi berbasis diskusi kelompok. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada skor penalaran klinis (p < 0,01; d = 0,82), kemampuan membedakan jenis mutasi, dan kepercayaan diri dalam menggunakan sumber daya genetika medis. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa PBL berbasis genomik kanker payudara merupakan pendekatan pedagogis yang efektif untuk membangun literasi genomik dan kemampuan berpikir kritis calon pendidik biologi.
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