Mahdi Santoso, Yanciluk

PENGARUH EKSTRAKSI AIR PANAS DAN N-HEKSANA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAHAN BAKU DAN SIFAT REKAT PAPAN PARTIKEL PELEPAH NIPAH

Abstract

Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) is a non wood lignosellulosic materials that potential as raw material of
composite board. One of disadvantage of the nipa fronds was contains are very high extractives and inorganic
substances. The presence of high content of extractives in raw material of particle board potentially be an obstacle in
the process of gluing the composite board. The existing of extractive substances on the surface of the composite
board raw materials contribute to make the bonding process is not going well. On the other side, the utilization of
natural binder for non wood composite is still limited. This research focused to investigated the effects of extractive
subtances for bonding performance of natural binder such as citric acid for nipa fronds particleboard. The particles
screened passed through aperture sizes of 10 mesh and treated with three condition (non extraction, hot water
extraction and n-hexana extraction) were used as materials in this research. Addition of natural binder of 10% based
on air dried particles was done and pressing temperature was set at 180ºC under a pressure of 3,6 MPa during 10
minutes. The physics and mechanics properties of particleboard was tested by standard JIS A 5908:2003. The
results showed that the extractiction treatments for raw material affects on the properties of the particleboards. Hot
water extraction treatment was able to give the best results. The properties of particleboard was density 0.84 g.cm-3;
moisture content 7.44%; thickness swelling 1,12%; water absorption 21,83%; surface roughness 7.57 ?m; internal
bonding 0.49 MPa; modulus of rupture 10.42 MPa and modulus of elasticity 3.65 GPa. All of the properties of nipa
fronds particleboard meet most of the standards JIS A 5908:2003.
Keywords: Hot water extraction, n-hexane extraction, nipa frond particleboard, natural binder, citric acid.