Transpirasi Tiga Spesies Dominan dalam Konservasi Air di Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Wonosadi Kabupaten Gunungkidul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36873/borneo.v1i2.8990Abstract
Abstrak
Cuaca ekstrem di Indonesia menyebabkan terjadinya fenomena krisis air di beberapa daerah, salah satunya Gunungkidul. Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Wonosadi Kabupaten Gunungkidul merupakan kawasan DTA yang luas dan mampu menyimpan air. Konservasi DTA perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin ketersediaan air. Keberadaan vegetasi tumbuhan yang ada di DTA memberi pengaruh besar terhadap ketersediaan air dan nutrien di tanah, karena vegetasi memegang peran penting dalam siklus hidrologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peranan ekofisiologis dalam mengkonservasi air dalam proses transpirasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama lima bulan di DTA Wonosadi Kabupaten Gunungkidul dan Laboratorium Ekologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Sampel tumbuhan diperoleh melalui analisis vegetasi berdasarkan tiga jenis kerapatan vegetasi (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah). Pengukuran laju transpirasi dilakukan pada tiga spesies dominan di DTA Wonosadi dengan menggunakan kertas Kobalt klorida. Tiga spesies dominan yang diperoleh yaitu yaitu Swietenia macrophylla King., Tectona grandis L., dan Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. Ex Benth. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tectona grandis L., merupakan spesies yang paling berpengaruh besar terhadap ketersedian air dengan laju transpirasi 181.00 detik. Tingkat transpirasi tumbuhan juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor abiotik yaitu pH tanah, suhu tanah, suhu udara, kelembapan tanah, kelembapan udara dan intensitas cahaya. Hasil analisis faktor lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing kelas kerapatan vegetasi menunjukkan perbedaan hasil di tiap parameter lingkungan. Area kerapatan tinggi memiliki suhu udara dan kelembapan yang tinggi dibanding kelas lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin rapat vegetasi maka semakin tinggi kelembapan di area tersebut.
Abstract
Extreme weather in Indonesia has caused water crisis in several regions, including Gunungkidul. Wonosadi Catchment Area (DTA) of Gunungkidul Regency is a large catchment area that capabled of storing water. Conservation of the catchment area are needed to ensure the availability of water. The existence of plant vegetation in the catchment area has a major influence on the availability of water and nutrients in the soil, because vegetation plays an important role in the hydrological cycle. This study was conducted to determine the role of ecophysiology in conserving water in the transpiration process. The study was conducted for five months at Wonosadi DTA, Gunungkidul Regency and Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University. Plant samples were obtained through vegetation analysis based on three types of vegetation density (high, medium, and low). Transpiration rate measurements were conducted on the three dominant species in Wonosadi DTA using Cobalt chloride paper. The three dominant species obtained were Swietenia macrophylla King., Tectona grandis L., and Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. Ex Benth. The results showed that Tectona grandis L. has the greatest effect on water availability with a transpiration rate of 181.00 seconds. Plant transpiration rate is also influenced by abiotic factors, namely soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, and light intensity. Analysis of environmental factors showed that each vegetation density class shows different results in each environmental parameter. High-density areas have higher air temperature and humidity than other classes. It showed that the denser of vegetation, the higher humidity in the area.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Umi Novita Fitriah, Suwarno Hadi Susanto, Fadhila Aziz
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