PENGARUH LOGAM BERAT TERHADAP KONDISI BIOLOGIS TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN BAYAM (The Influence of Heavy Metals on Soil Biologic and Growth of Spinach)

Wibowo, S.1)

Abstract

ABSTRACT A study was done to knowed influence of heavy metals on soil biologic condition and growth of sweet spinach (Amaranthus hibridus). The research was done in latosol soil with completely randomized design (CRD) with 4x3 factorial pattern and three repetitions. The first treatment were kind of heavy metals (H, Cd, Ag and Zn) and the second were their consentrations (0, 50 and 100 ppm). The solution of heavy metals was poured to soil in polybags, afterwards they were be incubated as long as a wek, then there were be planted spinach seeds. The research showed that treatment of giving heavy metals on soil was decreased of microorganism amount and soil respiration value on third week. Ag was the most influenced to limited the increasing of height and roots length of spinach plants. The 50- 100 ppm heavy metals concentrations on the soils were solution which limited growth of roots and total biomass of spinach plants significantly. Ag, Cd and Hg were more influenced to caused to decreased spinach biomass than Zn significantly.
Keywords : biologic, growth, heavy metals, spinach, soil
ABSTRAK Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh logam berat terhadap kondisi biologis tanah dan pertumbuhan bayam manis (Amaranthus hibridus). Penelitian dilakukan pada tanah mineral latosol menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 4x3 dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor perlakuan pertama yakni jenis logam berat (Hg, Cd, Ag dan Zn) dan faktor perlakuan kedua yakni konsentrasi logam berat (0, 50 dan 100 ppm). Larutan logam berat tersebut disiramkan pada tanah- tanah yang telah disiapkan pada polybag, selanjutnya diinkubasi selama satu minggu. kemudian dilakukan penanaman benih bayam. Variabel pengamatan diukur pada minggu pertama dan ketiga pasca perlakuan dan pasca penanaman benih bayam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa perlakuan pemberian logam berat pada tanah memperlihatkan penurunan total mikroorganisme dan nilai respirasi tanah pada minggu III. Ag merupakan logam berat yang paling berpengaruh menghambat pertambahan tinggi dan panjang akar tanaman bayam. Konsentrasi logam berat 50-100 ppm pada tanah nyata menghambat pertumbuhan akar dan menurunkan total biomassa tanaman bayam. Jenis logam berat Ag, Cd dan Hg nyata pengaruhnya mengakibatkan rendahnya biomassa bayam dibandingan dengan Zn.
Kata Kunci : bayam, biologis, logam berat, tanah