Analisis Nilai-nilai Moral, Kemanusiaan dan Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Serat Sastra Gendhing dan Relevansinya Dengan Capaian Pembelajaran Sejarah Kurikulum Merdeka

Abstract

The moral crisis among Indonesian students serves as the primary backdrop for this study. Phenomena of moral degradation such as gang fights, declining manners, and a fading sense of responsibility signal a void in values that has not been filled by contextual moral education rooted in local culture. Amid this moral degradation, the legacy of classical literature, particularly Serat Sastra Gendhing by Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma, holds a wealth of moral values relevant to the character development of the younger generation.

This study aims to: (1) describe the history of the emergence of Serat Sastra Gendhing by Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma, (2) identify moral, humanitarian, and environmental values, and (3) analyze its relevance to the Learning Outcomes (CP) for History in the Merdeka Curriculum for 10th-grade high school students. This study employs a qualitative research method using Hans Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutic approach through three spiral stages of analysis: literal understanding (Verstehen), in-depth interpretation (Auslegung), and fusion of horizons (Fusion of horizon). The primary data source is the Carikan script manuscript of Serat Sastra Gendhing housed at the Radya Pustaka Museum in Surakarta (printed in 1831), while secondary sources include the transliterated version of Serat Sastra Gendhing from the sastra.org website (1936) and interviews with staff at the Radya Pustaka Museum.

The results of this study identified values encompassing three dimensions. First, moral values reflected in the teaching of ambeg adil paramarta (fairness toward all parties) contained in the Sinom stanza, as well as self-control and respect for scholars in the Durma stanza. Second, humanitarian values reflected in the concept of “Manunggaling Kawula Gusti,” which affirms the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings before God, as contained in the “Pangkur” stanza. Third, environmental values embodied in the cosmological principle of “Memayu Hayuning Bawana” as the duty to preserve the safety and beauty of the world. These values align with the eight dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, making the Serat Sastra Gendhing relevant as enrichment material for the 10th-grade high school course on the Islamic Mataram Kingdom within the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as a resource for developing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P7).