PENGARUH KAYU APU (Pistia stratiotes) DAN KIAMBANG (Salvinia molesta) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI AMONIA PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) SISTEM BUDIKDAMBER

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan kiambang (Salvinia molesta) terhadap konsentrasi amonia pada budidaya ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) sistem Budikdamber serta menentukan tumbuhan yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan amonia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Februari–Maret 2026 di Peat Techno Park (PTP), Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian berlangsung selama 21 hari menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa tumbuhan), kayu apu, dan kiambang. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah konsentrasi amonia, sedangkan parameter pendukung meliputi suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), pertambahan biomassa tumbuhan, dan sintasan ikan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tumbuhan air berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsentrasi amonia (p<0,05). Sintasan ikan pada perlakuan kontrol, kayu apu, dan kiambang masing-masing sebesar 73%, 97%, dan 93%. Pertambahan biomassa tumbuhan pada perlakuan kayu apu dan kiambang masing-masing sebesar 317 g dan 292,13 g. Perlakuan kayu apu memberikan hasil terbaik dalam menekan konsentrasi amonia, memperbaiki kualitas air, meningkatkan pertambahan biomassa tumbuhan, dan meningkatkan sintasan ikan. Penggunaan kayu apu dan kiambang efektif menekan konsentrasi amonia pada sistem budikdamber.

Kata kunci: Amonia, Budikdamber, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze the effect of using water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) on ammonia concentration in the Budikdamber (fish cultivation in buckets) system for Siamese catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) culture and to determine the most effective aquatic plant in reducing ammonia concentration. The research was conducted from February to March 2026 at the Peat Techno Park (PTP), Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. The experiment lasted for 21 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments with three replications: control (without aquatic plants), water lettuce, and giant salvinia. The primary parameter observed was ammonia concentration, while the supporting parameters included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), plant biomass increment, and fish survival rate. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the use of aquatic plants had a significant effect on ammonia concentration (p<0.05). The survival rates of fish in the control, water lettuce, and giant salvinia treatments were 73%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. The biomass increment of water lettuce and giant salvinia reached 317 g and 292.13 g, respectively. The water lettuce treatment showed the best performance in reducing ammonia concentration, improving water quality, increasing plant biomass, and enhancing fish survival. Both water lettuce and giant salvinia were effective in reducing ammonia concentration in the Budikdamber system.

Keywords: Ammonia, Budikdamber, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta.