Dampak Pergeseran Strategi Populisme Recep Tayyip Erdoğan bagi Kemenangan Pemilu Presiden Turkiye 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37304/jispar.v14i2.20787Keywords:
Erdoğan, Pemilu, Populisme, Strategi, TurkiyeAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai populisme sebagai strategi politik yang menjadi ciri khas pemerintahan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan di Turkiye. Melalui strategi populisme, Erdoğan berhasil mempertahankan kekuasaannya sejak 2002 hingga saat ini. Namun, sepanjang perjalanannya, strategi populisme yang digunakannya mengalami pergeseran, terutama dalam membangun narasi tentang ‘ancaman’ yang dihadapi oleh Turkiye. Pergeseran ini terlihat dari perubahan fokus ‘musuh bersama’ yang awalnya bertumpu pada perlawanan terhadap elite sekuler menjadi retorika anti-Barat dan dewesternisasi. Selain itu, populisme yang diterapkan Erdoğan juga dikritik karena dianggap berkontribusi terhadap kemunduran demokrasi di Turkiye, dengan semakin kuatnya kontrol negara atas media, oposisi politik, dan kebijakan domestik. Meskipun demikian, kondisi tersebut tidak menghalangi dominasi elektoralnya dalam Pemilu Presiden 2023, di mana Erdoğan kembali memenangkan kursi kepresidenan untuk ketiga kalinya. Fenomena ini menjadi menarik untuk dikaji guna memahami bagaimana pergeseran strategi populisme Erdoğan dapat berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilannya dalam mempertahankan kekuasaan. Untuk menganalisis fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif, yang berfokus pada pengumpulan data melalui in-depth interview serta analisis sekunder dari jurnal akademik, laporan kebijakan, dan media berita.
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