Steam Engineering

OPTIMALISASI PROSES DETEKSI DAN PENYORTIRAN OBJEK MENGGUNAKAN KAMERA PINTAR FESTO SBOI-Q-R3C-WB

Agus Siswoyo — 2025-09-01

The use of smart cameras in industrial automation has opened up great opportunities to improve accuracy, efficiency, and productivity in the object detection and sorting process. The problems faced in object detection and sorting systems are the variability of environmental conditions, such as changing lighting and varying conveyor speeds, which can affect the accuracy of object detection. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the object detection and sorting process using the Festo SBOI-Q-R3C-WB smart camera through advanced image processing techniques, machine learning algorithms, and parameter adjustments such as sensor feature analysis, pattern matching, and lighting settings (300–1000 lux) and image filters. Experiments were conducted with cylindrical objects, varying conveyor speeds (0.5–2 m/s), and lighting intensity to evaluate system performance. The results showed that optimization of the Region of Interest (ROI) and the Canny Edge Detection algorithm successfully increased the detection accuracy from 82% (baseline) to 95%. The increase in lighting (optimal at 700 lux) and the use of adaptive contrast filters provided an additional 15% performance, resulting in a final accuracy of 98%. Statistical analysis using a paired t-test (α = 0.05) showed that the reduction in sorting errors was significant, from 8.5% (conventional system) to 1.7% (optimal system), with a p-value < 0.001. The system was also able to adapt to changes in conveyor speed up to 2 m/s and variations in object shape, with consistent accuracy above 95%. These findings prove that the integration of Festo's smart camera with optimized algorithms is a reliable solution for industrial automation, especially in dynamic sorting applications. Further developments could include the integration of deep learning for more complex object detection and increased processing speed through edge computing

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK PEMESINAN BUBUT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN STEM

Rozikin Rozikin — 2025-09-01

21st century learning demands mastery of knowledge that connects science, technology, engineering and mathematics which play a major role as a learning reform towards 21st century learning. However, in the learning process, students are still not accustomed to connecting the four fields of exact sciences which are considered effective in addressing learning needs in the 21st century. The research aims to describe and describe the effectiveness of the STEM Approach that has been applied to learning lathe machining practices at SMK. This research was conducted at 13 vocational schools spread across Cilegon City, Serang City, and Serang Regency using the ex-post facto research method. Data were collected using Simple Random Sampling technique. A total of 32 samples of teachers who teach lathe machining techniques. The research instrument used a questionnaire that had validity and reliability testing. The results of testing the research hypothesis are the effectiveness and relationship between the use of the STEM approach and Lathe Machining Practice Learning. This is evidenced by the implementation of STEM declared “Good” and the effectiveness of STEM can be categorized as “Very Effective”. There is a relationship between the STEM variable (X) and the lathe machining variable (Y) by looking at the value in the T-test results which show that t^count 3.048> t^table 2.042 and significance <0.05, it can be concluded that there is an effectiveness of lathe machining learning using the STEM approach according to the specified hypothesis

ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING DI SMKN 2 KOTA SERANG

Muhammad Sofian — 2025-09-01

Vocational High Schools (SMK) aim to produce workers with the technical (hard skills) and non-technical (soft skills) abilities needed to succeed in the era of globalization. Graduates are expected to thrive and compete in the global job market. This study aims to: (1) determine the level of learning achievement in SMAW welding among 12th-grade students at SMKN 2 Kota Serang, (2) analyze the factors influencing SMAW welding competency achievement. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological type and data collection techniques including document analysis, observation, and interviews. The data sources in this study were the Head of the Study Program, productive teachers, and 12 students from classes XII TPL 1 and TPL 2. The results of the study indicate that students' competency achievement, particularly in terms of theoretical mastery, is still relatively low. Conversely, students' practical skills showed better results, especially in steel plate welding activities. However, in underhand welding positions according to the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS), both theoretical understanding and practical skills still need to be improved. In terms of visual inspection of welding results, most students have understood the basic theory and are able to identify several types of welding defects, although their understanding of international standards such as ISO 5817 is not yet optimal. Factors influencing competency achievement include the quality of teaching methods, student motivation and discipline, and the availability of practical facilities, particularly limited equipment. Overall, students' competency achievement in SMAW welding is not yet fully optimal and still requires improvement, both in cognitive and psychomotor aspects.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN WEB GOOGLE SITES MATERI SISTEM STARTER KELAS XII TKRO SMK PIRI SLEMAN

Abdul Kholid — 2025-09-01

This study aims to develop web-based learning media using the Google Sites platform for starter system materials while testing its feasibility. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) using the 4-D model according to Thiagarajan et al. (1974), including the stages of defining (define), designing (design), developing (develop), and disseminating (disseminate). The research subjects involved class XII students of Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering (TKRO) at SMK Piri Sleman. The feasibility of the media was assessed by material experts and media experts through a questionnaire instrument, while the data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results show that the web-based learning media through Google Sites obtained a feasibility score of 95.00% according to material experts, 93.75% according to media experts, and 88.85% based on responses from 20 students, all of which are categorized as highly feasible. Compared to conventional offline media, this media is superior in accessibility, multimedia integration, and ease of content updates. These results demonstrate the potential of this media in increasing student engagement and supporting flexible independent learning.

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEB MELALUI INTEGRASI PLATFORM SIPEJAR PADA MATA KULIAH CAD DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING

Saifuddin Karim — 2025-09-01

This study aims to develop a web-based instructional package integrated with the SIPEJAR platform for the Computer Aided Design (CAD) course at Universitas Negeri Malang, employing a Project Based Learning (PjBL) approach grounded in social constructivism. The development process followed the ADDIE model through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Validation by content and media experts indicated high feasibility with scores above 85%. Implementation in a blended learning setting revealed significant improvements in students’ comprehension (from 16.7% to 73.3%), engagement (from 10% to 83.3%), learning satisfaction (from 16.7% to 76.7%), and motivation, which increased among all respondents. Findings highlight that the developed package is not only technically feasible but also enhances collaborative interaction, critical thinking skills, and student readiness for industry demands. This study contributes to contextual digital learning design in technical education and recommends broader application to similar courses along with the integration of learning analytics for continuous improvement.

ANALISIS BOTTLENECK PERAKITAN METAL BOX DENGAN METODE SIMULASI DISKRIT MELALUI SOFTWARE PROMODEL

Nicko Nur Rakhmaddian — 2025-09-01

Bottlenecks are a major cause of productivity decline in manufacturing systems. In the PDAM metal box industry at PT. MNO, the production process frequently encounters constraints that reduce output. This study employed discrete event simulation using ProModel software. The research stages included field observation, process time data collection, data distribution analysis with Stat::Fit, and model validation through Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. The simulation revealed a significant bottleneck in the assembly workstation, with utilization reaching 93.64%, while production output was limited to 22 units during a 7-hour working shift. In contrast, the finishing station experienced idle time. An improvement scenario involving the addition of one workstation and one operator in the assembly and finishing processes is recommended to reduce production flow imbalances. This study confirms the effectiveness of discrete event simulation as an analytical tool for production system optimization and highlights opportunities for further development through digital twin integration and metaheuristic optimization

ANALISIS PENGARUH BEBAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI REGANGAN PADA PIPA MELALUI PENDEKATAN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Faradilla Fauziyah Risnawati — 2025-09-01

This study aims to analyse the effect of external loading on the distribution of plastic strain in API 5L X80 steel pipes using the Finite Element Method. External loading was modelled through an indentation process using a spherical indenter with diameter variations of 75 mm, 100 mm, and 125 mm, and indentation depths of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. The simulation was conducted under zero internal pressure conditions to evaluate the plastic strain distribution formed after loading. The results show that increasing the indentation depth significantly increases the maximum plastic strain value and expands the deformation area on the pipe wall. Conversely, increasing the indenter diameter tends to reduce the maximum plastic strain value but broadens the affected area of strain distribution. The maximum strain concentration is located at the dent’s flank rather than the root, which is caused by the load distribution from the spherical indenter toward the transition area. These findings highlight the importance of dent geometry parameters in predicting the plastic strain response of pipes, providing valuable insights for assessing the structural integrity of pipelines in oil and gas industry applications

KARAKTERISTIK SISTEM HYBRID PLTS DAN TURBIN ANGIN HAWT SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK

Harie Setiyadi Jaya — 2025-09-01

The energy crisis in the coastal areas of Central Kalimantan demands a power generation solution that is independent, reliable, and easily transported. This study aims to develop and test the performance of a portable Hybrid Power Plant (PLTH) prototype that combines solar panels and a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). The method used is experimental research, including the design, fabrication, and performance testing of the prototype directly in the field. Voltage output measurements were carried out on both energy sources to validate the system's performance under varying weather conditions. The test results show that the prototype successfully operates effectively, where the solar panels produce a peak voltage of 20V in sunny weather and the wind turbine reaches 24V at a speed of 360 rpm. The successful integration of these two sources proves the advantages of a complementary hybrid system, while offering a portable energy solution applicable to remote areas