OPTIMASI PIT TAMBANG TERBUKA BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE LERCHS-GROSSMANN
OPEN-PIT COAL MINE OPTIMIZATION USING THE LERCHS-GROSSMANN METHOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36873/jtp.v26i2.26761Keywords:
Batubara, discount rate, metode Lerch Grossman, optimasi, profitAbstract
Penentuan batas pit tambang terbuka harus menyeimbangkan perolehan batubara, volume material penutup, kendala geometri, dan nilai ekonomi blok. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menentukan batas pit ekonomis PT XYZ dan mengevaluasi perubahan dari pit ramp hasil optimasi menjadi final pit operasional. Data topografi, pemboran, model seam, kualitas batubara, biaya, harga jual, dan geometri tambang diintegrasikan ke dalam model blok ekonomi. Pemodelan awal menggunakan blok 1 m x 1 m x 1 m dengan atribut CV, total moisture, densitas, total sulfur, dan ash, kemudian diagregasi pada grid ekonomi 20 m x 40 m. Nilai blok dioptimasi dengan algoritma Lerchs-Grossmann pada faktor diskon harga 0%, 10%, dan 30%. Skenario 0% menghasilkan net value US$208,31 juta, sedangkan skenario 10% dan 30% menghasilkan US$183,94 juta dan US$135,55 juta. Pada skenario 30%, net value turun 34,93%, tetapi tonase batubara tetap 1.211.630 ton dan volume overburden hanya turun 3,13%. Konversi pit ramp menjadi final pit menaikkan overburden 10,59%, tonase batubara 0,77%, stripping ratio 9,74%, dan net value 0,10%. Marginal stripping ratio penyesuaian sebesar 85,07 BCM/ton, sedikit lebih rendah daripada BESR operasional sebelum pajak sebesar 85,53 BCM/ton. Lerchs-Grossmann efektif membentuk batas ekonomis, tetapi kelayakan perubahan menuju desain operasional perlu dinilai dengan stripping ratio marginal, bukan hanya stripping ratio total.
Kata kunci: batubara, discount rate, metode Lerch Grossman, optimasi, profit.
Downloads
References
Abalos, P., Brickey, A., & Goycoolea, M. (2025). Scheduling by Pushbacks: A historical review of optimization approaches for strategic open pit mine planning. Resources Policy, 111, 105759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105759
Bargawa, W. S. (2018). Perencanaan Tambang Edisi Kedelapan. Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jogyakarta: Yogyakarta.
Birch, C. (2018). Review of cut-off grade optimisation from Southern African mines. Student assignment based observations. Resources Policy, 56, 134–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.10.004
Buelga Díaz, A., Diego Álvarez, I., Castañón Fernández, C., Krzemień, A., & Iglesias Rodríguez, F. J. (2021). Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit mining projects. Resources Policy, 72, 102058. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102058
Fathollahzadeh, K., Asad, M. W. A., Mardaneh, E., & Cigla, M. (2021). Review of Solution Methodologies for Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 35(8), 564–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2021.1888395
Hustrulid, W. A., Kuchta, M., & Martin, R. K. (2013). Open Pit Mine Planning and Design (3rd ed.). Crc Press.
Lin, J., Asad, M. W. A., Topal, E., & Chang, P. (2025). Comparative analysis of mathematical models for integrated production scheduling and sustainable waste management in open-pit mining complexes. Resources Policy, 109, 105694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105694
Lin, J., Asad, M. W. A., Topal, E., Chang, P., Huang, J., & Lin, W. (2024). A novel model for sustainable production scheduling of an open-pit mining complex considering waste encapsulation. Resources Policy, 91, 104949. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104949
Nancel-Penard, P., Jelvez, E., Mancilla, D., & Morales, G. (2025). Open-pit phase design considering operational constraints: Towards the generation of high adherence production planning policies. Resources Policy, 103, 105546. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105546
Olmos-de-Aguilera, C., Campos, P. G., & Risso, N. (2023). Error reduction in long-term mine planning estimates using deep learning models. Expert Systems with Applications, 217, 119487. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119487
Saavedra, F., Morales, N., Nelis, G., & Gómez, R. (2023). A fast method to find smooth economic envelopes for block and panel caving mines. Resources Policy, 83, 103703. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103703
Widara, M. R., & Saputra, M. I. (2026). PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK LITOLOGI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS FRAGMENTASI PELEDAKAN DAN DIGGING TIME MATERIAL OVERBURDEN PADA TAMBANG BATUBARA TERBUKA. JURNAL TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN, 26(1), 31–41.
Xu, X., Gu, X., Wang, Q., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, F., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Ultimate pit optimization with environmental problem for open-pit coal mine. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 173, 366–372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.03.024
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Supriyadi Supriyadi, Ahmad Fauzan Haryono, Supardi Razak, Fajar Abdulfattah, Muhammad Manaqib
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
