EVALUASI METODE GEOREFERENSI PPK DAN GCP TERHADAP KETELITIAN VERTIKAL DAN ESTIMASI VOLUME OVERBURDEN PADA FOTOGRAMETRI TAMBANG TERBUKA
EVALUATION OF PPK AND GCP GEOREFERENCING METHODS FOR VERTICAL ACCURACY AND OVERBURDEN VOLUME ESTIMATION IN OPEN-PIT MINE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36873/jtp.v26i2.27129Keywords:
GCP, ketelitian vertikal point cloud, PPK, TLS, volume overburdenAbstract
Pertambangan terbuka memerlukan data topografi yang akurat untuk mendukung perhitungan volume overburden dan pengambilan keputusan operasional. Pengukuran menggunakan Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) memiliki keterbatasan pada area luas dan pit yang kompleks, sehingga Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) menjadi alternatif yang lebih efisien. Namun, ketelitian data UAV dipengaruhi oleh metode georeferensi, khususnya Ground Control Point (GCP) dan Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK). Perbedaan metode georeferensi tersebut dapat menghasilkan perbedaan ketelitian vertikal dan memengaruhi akurasi perhitungan volume overburden. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketelitian vertikal point cloud metode GCP dan PPK serta membandingkan hasil volume overburden terhadap data TLS sebagai acuan. Metode penelitian meliputi pengolahan foto udara, analisis Cloud-to-Cloud Distance, pembuatan Digital Terrain Model (DTM), dan perhitungan volume cut and fill. Hasil menunjukkan metode georeferensi GCP memiliki ketelitian vertikal lebih tinggi dengan nilai LE90 0,1586 m (Kelas 3, skala 1:1.000), sedangkan metode georeferensi PPK sebesar 0,6797 m (Kelas 2, skala 1:5.000). Metode georeferensi GCP menghasilkan rerata selisih volume -1,90% dan memenuhi standar ASTM D6172-98, sedangkan metode georeferensi PPK memiliki rerata selisih 47,79% dan tidak memenuhi standar ASTM D6172-98. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan metode GCP menghasilkan volume overburden yang lebih mendekati data TLS, sehingga lebih direkomendasikan untuk perhitungan volume overburden.
Kata kunci: GCP, ketelitian vertikal point cloud, PPK, TLS, volume overburden.
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