Digital Transformation of Matrimonial Contracts: A Critical Analysis of Virtual Marriage from an Islamic Legal Perspective : (Transformasi Digital Kontrak Perkawinan: Evaluasi Empiris Normatif tentang Perkawinan Virtual dalam Hukum Islam)

Muhammadong

doi:10.37304/jied.v2i01.25296

Penulis

Muhammadong Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-7113

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37304/jied.v2i01.25296

Kata Kunci:

Digital, Transformation, Matrimonial Contracts, Virtual Marriage, Islamic Legal

Abstrak

Marriage is a fundamental social institution in Islamic law, strictly regulated by provisions concerning the contract, witnesses, and guardianship. With the advancement of technology, digital transformation has begun to penetrate the realm of marriage through the concept of virtual marriage conducted online. This study aims to analyze the digital transformation of matrimonial contracts, specifically virtual marriage, from an Islamic legal perspective. The research employs a normative-empirical analysis method, combining an examination of Islamic legal texts with interviews and surveys from Islamic law practitioners, scholars, and individuals involved in virtual marriages. The findings indicate that although virtual marriage can fulfill several valid marriage requirements in Islam, such as the offer and acceptance (ijab qabul) and witnesses, challenges arise regarding the alignment with principles such as the physical presence of the parties and witnesses. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of Islamic legal perspectives with the practical implementation of virtual marriage, which has not been widely discussed in Islamic legal literature. The originality of this study is the investigation into whether Islamic law needs to be adapted to accommodate digital marriages. The contribution of this research is to provide new insights for scholars and Islamic law practitioners in responding to virtual marriages, offering a more flexible and relevant legal framework in the digital age.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

##doi.editor.displayName##: 10.37304/jied.v2i01.25296 DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.37304/jied.v2i01.25296

Lihat: 12 | ##article.downloads##: 4

Referensi

Akhtar, R. C. (2018). Modern traditions in Muslim marriage practices, exploring English narratives. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 427–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy030

Akhtar, R. C., Probert, R., & Moors, A. (2018). Informal Muslim marriages: Regulations and contestations. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy036

Alam, N., & Azmi, O. (2020). Smart contracts in Islamic finance: Shariah perspectives. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(4), 701–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-06-2019-0231

Al-Sharmani, M., & Mustasaari, S. (2018). Between ‘official’ and ‘unofficial’: Discourses and practices of Muslim marriage conclusion in Finland. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy029

Astor, A., Khir-Allah, G., & Martínez-Cuadros, R. (2024). Anonymity and digital Islamic authority. Religions, 15(12), 1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121507

Bano, M. (2022). Islamic authority and centres of knowledge production in Europe. Journal of Muslims in Europe, 11(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10046

Berber, S., & Blanc, S. (2024). Intimate Jurisprudence: Islamic Family Law Between Global Human Rights and French Republican Values. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law, 7(2), 64–82.DOI: https://doi.org/10.35719/ijil.v6i1

Chowdhury, R. (2022). The role of religion in domestic violence and abuse in UK Muslim communities. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(2), 178–198. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad008

Chowdhury, R., & Winder, B. (2022). A web model of domestic violence and abuse in Muslim communities—A multi perspective IPA approach. Social Sciences, 11(8), 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080354

Elmahjub, E. (2019). Transformative vision of Islamic jurisprudence and the pursuit of common ground for the social good in pluralist societies. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 14(2), 305–335. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2019.34

Jones, B., & Aftab, A. (2023). Inside Indonesia’s religious courts: An argument for domestic and family violence screening and exemption from compulsory mediation. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad015

Karim, R. A. A., & Ali, S. S. (2020). Blockchain regulation in Islamic financial systems: The need for harmonization. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 12(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-09-2019-0133

Krayem, G. (2023). Improving Islamic community divorce responses to survivors of family violence. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(2), 232–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad016

Kunhibava, S., Mustapha, Z., Muneeza, A., Sa’ad, A. A., & Karim, M. E. (2021). Sukuk on blockchain: A legal, regulatory and Shari’ah review. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 118–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-06-2020-0120

Lecoyer, K. (2016). Marriage conclusion in Belgian Muslim families: Navigating transnational social spaces of normativity. Migration Letters, 14(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v14i1.312

Mohammad, N. (2020). Cryptocurrency and Islamic jurisprudence: A critical review. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(2), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-02-2019-0080

Muradin, A. (2022). Religious authority and family dispute resolution among Moroccan Muslims in the Netherlands. Journal of Muslims in Europe, 11(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10047

Nash, P. S. (2017). Sharia in England: The marriage law solution. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 6(3), 523–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwx052

O’Sullivan, K., & Jackson, L. (2017). Muslim marriage (non) recognition: Implications and possible solutions. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 39(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2016.1272767

Probert, R., & Saleem, S. (2018). The legal treatment of Islamic marriage ceremonies. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 376–400. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy031

Ramadhan, M. U. C., Rohman, T., Hayati, F., & Azizah, B. N. (2025). Comparative Normative Study on Child Custody and Guardianship in Islamic Family Law: Lessons from ASEAN and Europe. ASEAN Journal of Islamic Studies and Civilization (AJISC), 2(2), 154–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62976/ajisc.v2i2.1421

Sadegh, I., & Zammit, D. E. (2018). Legitimizing a Muslim marriage in Malta: Navigating legal and normative structures. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 498–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy037

Sezgin, Y. (2023). A global and historical exploration: Legislative reform in Muslim family laws in Muslim-majority versus Muslim-minority countries. Law & Policy, 45(2), 110–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12210

Sezgin, Y. (2023). Muslim family law reform: Understanding the difference between Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority jurisdictions. Journal of Law, Religion and State, 10(2–3), 218–251. https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-20230004

Shovkhalov, S., & Idrisov, H. (2021). Economic and legal analysis of cryptocurrency: Scientific views from Russia and the Muslim world. Laws, 10(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020032

Sonneveld, N., & Stiles, E. E. (2019). Khulʿ: Local contours of a global phenomenon. Islamic Law and Society, 26(1–2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02612P01

Uddin, I. (2018). Nikah-only marriages: Causes, motivations, and their impact on dispute resolution and Islamic divorce proceedings in England and Wales. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 401–426. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy051

Uddin, I. (2025). Muslim women, nikah marriages, domestic abuse and religious arbitration in England. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 14(2), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad011

Van Eijk, E. (2019). Khulʿ divorce in the Netherlands: Dutch Muslim women seeking religious divorce. Islamic Law and Society, 26(1–2), 36–57. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254A04

Voorhoeve, M. (2018). Law and social change in Tunisia: The case of unregistered marriage. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 479–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy027

Zaid, B., Fedtke, J., Shin, D. D., El Kadoussi, A., & Ibahrine, M. (2022). Digital Islam and Muslim millennials: How social media influencers reimagine religious authority and Islamic practices. Religions, 13(4), 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13040335