Environmental Rights in Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 from the Perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah

(Hak Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 Perspektif Maqashid al-Syariah)

Abstract

This study examines environmental rights in Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 from the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah . The issue is significant because the right to a good and healthy environment is guaranteed under Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, yet environmental defenders often face criminalization or civil lawsuits when conducting environmental advocacy. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the constitutional protection of environmental rights, the legal reasoning of the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025, and its relevance to the principles of maqashid al-shariah. Method: This research uses a normative juridical method with a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. The data were collected through library research on the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 32 of 2009, Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025, and relevant Islamic legal literature. The data were analyzed through legal interpretation, conceptual analysis, and systematic conclusion drawing. Findings: The findings show that the Constitutional Court expanded the scope of legal protection for environmental defenders by declaring that the Elucidation of Article 66 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law has no binding legal force insofar as it limits environmental advocacy only to litigation. This protection includes policy advocacy, public campaigns, research, complaints, community assistance, and peaceful social action conducted in good faith. Contribution:From the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah , the decision is consistent with the protection of life, property, progeny, and the environment. This study concludes that Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 strengthens environmental democracy, prevents the criminalization of environmental defenders, and supports ecological justice based on constitutional principles and Islamic values.

Penelitian ini membahas hak lingkungan hidup dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 dari perspektif maqashid al-syariah. Isu ini penting karena hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat telah dijamin dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD 1945, tetapi pejuang lingkungan masih kerap menghadapi risiko kriminalisasi atau gugatan perdata ketika melakukan advokasi lingkungan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hak konstitusional atas lingkungan hidup, pertimbangan hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 119/PUU-XXIII/2025, serta relevansinya dengan prinsip maqashid al-syariah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap UUD 1945, UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, Putusan MK No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025, serta literatur hukum Islam yang relevan. Data dianalisis melalui interpretasi hukum, analisis konseptual, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara sistematis. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi memperluas makna perlindungan hukum bagi pejuang lingkungan dengan menyatakan bahwa Penjelasan Pasal 66 UU PPLH tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang dimaknai membatasi perjuangan lingkungan hanya melalui jalur litigasi. Perlindungan tersebut mencakup advokasi kebijakan, kampanye publik, penelitian, pengaduan, pendampingan masyarakat, dan aksi sosial damai yang dilakukan dengan itikad baik. Kontribusi: Dalam perspektif maqashid al-syariah, putusan ini sejalan dengan perlindungan jiwa, harta, keturunan, dan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Putusan MK No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 memperkuat demokrasi lingkungan, mencegah kriminalisasi pejuang lingkungan, dan mendukung pembangunan keadilan ekologis berbasis konstitusi dan nilai-nilai Islam